Pope Urban II Odo of Lagny

Pope Urban II Odo of Lagny Pope Urban II was known for starting the Crusade Movement, inducing with his invitation to battle at the Council of Clermont. Urban additionally proceeded and developed the changes of Gregory VII, and helped the papacy become a more grounded political unit. Urban learned at Soissons and afterward at Reims, where he became archdeacon, before turning into a priest and resigning to Cluny. There he got earlier, and after just a couple of years was sent to Rome to help Pope Gregory VII in his endeavors at change. He demonstrated priceless to the pope, and was made a Cardinal and filled in as an ecclesiastical legate. Upon Gregorys passing in 1085 he served his replacement, Victor II ​until Victor kicked the bucket. He was then chosen pope in March 1088, and impacted undertakings all through France, Italy, Europe, and the Holy Land. Likewise known as: Odo of Chã ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Odon of Chã ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Eudes of Chã ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Odo of Lagery, Otho of Lagery, Odo of Lagny Significant Dates Conceived: c. 1035Elected Pope: March 12, 1088Speech at Council of Clermont: Nov. 27, 1095Died: July 29, 1099 The Pontificate of Urban II As pope, Urban needed to manage the antipope Clement III and the progressing Investiture Controversy. He was effective in stating his authenticity as pope, yet his change approaches didn't take intensive hold all through Europe. He did, be that as it may, build up a gentler position on the Investiture Controversy that would later make a goals conceivable. Long mindful of the challenges travelers had been having in the Holy Land, Urban utilized Emperor Alexius Comnenos call for help as the reason for emboldening Christian knights in the First Crusade. Urban likewise considered together a few significant church chambers, including those at Piacenza, Clermont, Bari, and Rome, passing striking change enactment. Sources Head servant, Richard U. Pope Bl. Urban II. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company,â 1912. Halsall, Paul. â€Å"Medieval Sourcebook: Urban II (1088-1099): Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, Five Versions of the Speech.†Ã‚ Internet History Sourcebooks Project, Fordham University, Dec. 1997.

Music Festivals You Dont Want To Miss This Summer

In the event that you couldn’t make it the Ultra Music Festival or Coachella this year, there’s no compelling reason to freeze since summer is here! There are sufficient performances to take into account all your musicals impulse.Sweetlife, May fourteenth Columbia, MD In the event that you haven’t knew about it previously, Sweetlife is a one-day concert in Maryland with an extraordinary outside air and incredible food. For all understudies in the DMV territory, this is an extraordinary alternative to commend the finish of finals! Or on the other hand, if you’re not done at this point, it’s additionally a decent method to take a break from considering. See line up here. BottleRock Napa Valley, May 27th - 29th Napa Valley, CA Since it’s in Napa Valley, you know BottleRock isn’t pretty much the music. Going to the celebration likewise concedes you the chance to appreciate the best of Californias outside, food, wine and blends. In the event that you go to class in any of the neighboring UCs or Stanford, ensure you get tickets and commend the start of summer! See line up here. Governer’s Ball, June third - fifth Randall’s Island Park, NY East coast presents to us an exceptional performance on Randall’s island. This year they have a lineup you can’t state no to. With included craftsmen like The Strokes, The Killers and Kanye West, you’ll get the chance to hear music from such a large number of various kinds. Additionally, summer in NY is much more fun than winter in NY. Bonnaroo, June ninth - twelfth Manchester, TN One of the greatest performances in the South, Bonnaroo is an encounter you won’t overlook. It will be ideal to go with companions and focus on rising at the concert area. In addition to the fact that it features music exhibitions, there will be comedic goes about also! See line up here. EDC Vegas, June seventeenth - nineteenth Las Vegas, NV You’ve knew about them all. EDC has held performances in LA, Chicago and even in the UK! In the event that you’ve never been to any of different areas, the one in Las Vegas is likely THE one to go to. Its one of the greatest and the first. Dont neglect to represent how much amusement esteem the Vegas experience itself includes. See line up here. Lollapallooza, July 28th - 31st Chicago, IL Tune in to a wide range of music? At that point Lollapallooza is for you! This performance highlights elective stone, underground rock, substantial metal, pop, hip bounce and EDM. In the event that you have a temporary position in the Midwest, or you’re taking summer classes at Northwestern or UChicago, this will very simple for you to get to! Discover lineup here. Outside Lands, Aug fifth - seventh San Francisco, CA Envision a concert in a mammoth city park. That’s precisely what Outside Lands is. Its held inside the notable Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. Dissimilar to other SoCal celebrations, you’ll get the opportunity to appreciate the late spring breeze in SF. (How great doesn't managing sweat-soaked groups sound) Don’t overlook it’ll likewise highlight some of SFs best nourishments! See lineup here. FYF, Aug 27th 28th Los Angeles, CA FYF is an option to Coachella. It highlights a wide range of kinds and frequently exhibits a ton of underground, exceptional music. It’s somewhat more relaxed than Coachella is, in this way, if youre intrigued by a more mitigated vibe and downplayed scene than Coachella, look at the lineup here! Made in America, Sept third fourth Philadelphia, PA Summer flies by so rapidly, so make the most out of Labor Day weekend with Made in America. Regardless of whether school has just begun for you, you’ll still have the option to make it over the long end of the week, particularly if Philly is effectively open for you. Those of you atUPennand Temple, theres no explanation behind you not to blend with other music darlings in the City of Brotherly Love! Discover whos playing here. Electric Zoo, Sept fourth - sixth Randall’s Island, NY On the off chance that you’re a gigantic EDM fan, end your late spring with a blast at Electric Zoo! EZoo is notable for drawing out the greatest names in EDM. On the off chance that you missed Governors Ball, EZoo offers one more opportunity (alright progressively like reason) for you to visit NYC and press in one final celebration before school truly kicks in! See which DJs will be there. ​Need cash to finance a portion of these performances? Offer your and make a profile with your past fruitful school application! Get paid for showing preemptive kindness and helping future candidates with the school confirmations process.

Book Review of the Four Agreements

Book Review of the Four Agreements January 16, 2020 Hero Images/Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Relaxation Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress The Four Agreements: A Practical Guide to Personal Freedom, by Don Miguel Ruiz, is a wonderful book for stress management and personal growth. Its written in simple language  but deals with complex themes that can help you bring sweeping changes to your life. One drawback to the book is that some of the agreements are too extreme and, if you take them literally, they may cause additional problems in your life if taken without a proverbial grain of salt. However, with a bit of balance and a sense of openness, these agreements can each be transformative and stress-relieving. Heres an explanation of each of the four agreements. Agreement 1: Be Impeccable With Your Word What It Entails:  This agreement discusses avoiding gossip, lies, empty promises, and other ways in which we cause problems with our words. Say only what you mean, and realize that you can cause damage if youre not careful with what you say. Points to Be Aware Of:  Many people dont realize the power of their words and dont see the harm that can be caused by speaking carelessly, thoughtlessly, or aggressively. Most of us are aware that screaming at someone may be upsetting to them, but subtle little digs at them, or gossip behind their backs, can hurt others more than we realize, and in hurting them, we hurt ourselves. While its great to be conscientious about how you use your words, this agreement may be hard to follow completely. Its a great goal to aspire to, though, and a good direction to work toward. Agreement 2: Don’t Take Anything Personally What It Entails:  This concept deals with understanding how other peoples behaviors are a reflection of them only. When someone gives us feedback about our behavior or about us as people, its important to remember that no opinions are truly objective; we all have our biases, our filters through which we view the world. Because of this, we shouldnt take anyone elses view of us or our actions as entirely accurate. When someone says something about us, theyre really saying something about themselves and how they view the world. Points to Be Aware Of:  This is good advice for helping you become less reactive, defensive, and retaliatory, but keep it in balance. While everyone has their biases and there is no such thing as true objectivity, by never taking anything personally, you can really limit your ability to see your own negative patterns and biased thinking and work on developing more healthy patterns and clear-sighted thinking. As M. Scott Peck says in The Road Less Traveled, The problem of distinguishing what we are and what we are not responsible for in this life is one of the greatest problems of human existence. While its important to let go of much of your concern over other peoples opinions, some feedback should be considered, and the needs of others should also be respected. Don’t give up on the work of distinguishing responsibility, or you end up creating more stress in the long run. Agreement 3: Don’t Make Assumptions What It Entails:  A lot of  stress  can be created when you assume you know what other people are thinking without checking with them. Understanding that other people might have different motivations for their actions, even drastically varying worldviews from yours, and remembering to really try to understand others and discuss these motivations before jumping to conclusions about their behavior, can go a long way toward preventing interpersonal conflict. Points to Be Aware Of:  Taking this advice to an extreme may cause you to ignore your intuition about people or common sense about someones behavior thats personally damaging to you. It can also open you up to manipulation if you train yourself to believe someones explanation of negative behavior rather than judging the behavior on its own. An example of this in action could be, for instance, not believing youre being cheated on if your partner is exhibiting erratic behavior and the classic signs of infidelity, but he or she vehemently denies wrongdoing. Not making assumptions is a good suggestion but it should be tempered by inner wisdom and common sense. Agreement 4: Always Do Your Best What It Entails:  By this, Ruiz means to do the best you can at any given moment and youll have no regrets. Some days, your best isnt as good as other days, and thats okay. As long as you put an honest effort into life, you will have nothing to be ashamed of, and wont beat yourself up over a less-than-stellar performance in retrospect. Points to Be Aware Of: This is good advice for anyone and can help you achieve more progress toward your goals, as well as prevent unnecessary feelings of regret. Summary While sometimes the agreements are oversimplified, this is still a great little book with some heavy ideas. Focusing on any one of these agreements can greatly improve your life and decrease stress; focusing on all four can really be life-changing for many people. If followed generally and not fanatically, these suggestions can help you reduce a great amount of stress by helping you avoid thought and behavior patterns that create frustration, blame, hurt feelings, and other negative emotions.

Cyber Bullying Essay example - 1112 Words

Social Networking has taken bullying to the extreme. Before advanced technology, children and teenagers were troubled by school bullies. Today, they are targeted by bullies via internet. Most people undergo some form of bullying in life. Growing up, I experienced the typical name calling and spiteful comments. I also dealt with minor cases of virtual bullies. These bullies are known as cyber bullies. I find this topic compelling because it’s a matter that has spiraled out of control. â€Å"Cyber bullying is defined as using the computer or other electronic devices to intimidate, threaten or humiliate another individual,† Admin October 13th, 2008. As the Hartman 2 internet continues growing more popular with the youth, so do potential†¦show more content†¦This makes the bully feel more powerful. Hartman 3 There’s not a legitimate reason for cyber bullying. Many perpetrators bully just to get a reaction. It’s common for them to bully another just to boost their ego. It makes the tormentor feel in charge. Some may think it’s humorous to tease and make fun of others and that it’s not harmful in any way. The reality is being bullied can cause many problems for children and teenagers. Many negative effects are outcomes of cyber bullies. The impact cyber bullying has on kids is detrimental. Victims can develop psychological problems. For example, victims begin having anxiety, lower self-esteem, and frustration. They may also be diagnosed with depression. It’s tough to ignore cyber bullying. Compared to school bullies, internet bullies cause their victim more emotional pain. Children and teenagers are able to escape school bullies when they return home. However targets of cyber bullying don’t have that advantage. There is no argument as to if cyber bullying is good or bad. However is social networking to blame? Or is lack of parent monitoring the problem? It’s true that adolescents are often given too much technology independence. I believe parents should fully acknowledge what websites their children are visiting and what they are posting. On the contrary, I feel there is no excuse for child or teenager to feel the urge to emotionally attackShow MoreRelatedBullying And The Cyber Bullying Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTIFICATION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND Cyber bullying refers to something when one uses their cell phone, computers or an electronic device to access internet and technology for the purpose of harassment and providing harms to others. Sending inappropriate messages, uploading disturbing images, threatening and posting something without someone’s’ approval are the forms of cyber bullying. The main aim of this research study is to look after the cyber bullying and the possible reasons of occurrenceRead MoreBullying Evolution : Cyber Bullying1870 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying 1858 Words 8 Pages At some point during your childhood, you may have encountered that troubled individual, typically known as the â€Å"bully† that drove fear in the hearts of the weakest link by humiliating them, taking what is rightfully theirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet)Read MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pages(â€Å"An Old Problem with a New Face†). Since the rapid growth of technology, cyber bullying has become life-threatening for too many teenagers. Now that teenagers have phones and technology almost twenty-four hours a day, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of being cyber bullied. Cyber bullying is different from regular, old-school bullying; cyber bullying is using the internet to ruin the life of other teenagers. â€Å"Cyber bulling is when a teenager is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliatedRead MoreIs It Serious? Cyber Bullying? Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Cyberbulling is Very Serious Cyber bullying by definition is the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. This occurs mainly among young people ages between 13- 18. Base on my research I found out in the past decade, there have been multiple cyberbullying cases that ended with the victims taking their own lives. I believe there is more we can do to help with this issue. There is information out there that isRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not b e tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesHalligan kill[ed] himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay† (Billitteri.) Cyber bullying is much more dangerous than traditional bullying, and should be punished with much stricter guide lines, not just within schools but within criminal courts as well. Traditional bullying was done on school grounds, at the bus stop, or walking home, but today cyber bullies leave teens vulnerable to the abuse with no place to seek refuge. â€Å"Its a non-stop type of harassmentRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead More Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagestheirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet). Most recently, it took a crime wave of â€Å"cyber bullying† before our media and leaders in the Untied States gave it attention; now that the American people realize that the â€Å"classroom bully† has evolved into a more dangerously clever and sinister inflictor of emotionalRead MoreBullying Vs Cyber Bullying E ssay2021 Words   |  9 PagesBullying is a major problem that impacts many teens over generations, causing an endless cycle of bullying. With the new age of technology, this leads to new issues that are affecting teens’ lives. One of these issues is that cyberbullying is quickly becoming more common than the traditional playground bullying, as more social media are appealing to teens. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens using electronic devices such as phones, laptops, and tablets. This form of bullying includes

According to Aristotle, Heraclitus claims that “the same...

According to Aristotle, Heraclitus claims that â€Å"the same thing both is and is not,† and this would imply that contraries belong to the same subject simultaneously. Heraclitus denies our ability to establish truth, and questions the reliability of knowledge: for Aristotle; serious philosophical consideration must be given to such skepticism, because the logical conclusion of this position has undesirable effects on metaphysical discussion. First philosophy (or metaphysics) investigates the system of principles underlying the study of being (viz. beings as being), and the philosopher should be able to state the principle that permits the education of all things. According to Aristotle, the principle of demonstration must first be examined,†¦show more content†¦In any event, the act of showing someone that something is (or is not) reduces the argument to the basic source for any demonstration, that is, any proof is reduced to the ultimate position (i.e. the initial cause for demonstration). In essence, the principle cannot be demonstrated by virtue of deduction; if it could be deduced from another axiom, then it would not be the first principle. Moreover, if the principle could be demonstrated, then â€Å"all things† would be subject to demonstration, as Heraclitus seems to believe. However, to demand demonstration (in the strict sense) would beg the question, because it would lead to an infinite regress and there would still be no demonstration. If the same thing both is and is not, then, for instance, a being can both exist and not exist simultaneously, and the same thing can both be true and not be true simultaneously. To say that the same thing both is and is not is to deny the first principle, and to refuse to be consistent (or follow any logical truth). According to Aristotle, Heraclitus’ way of thinking is marked by circular reasoning inasmuch as any rational being implicitly recognize the principle as self-evident, and toShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Metaphysics? The Universal Definition Of Metaphysics1140 Words   |  5 PagesGarrett Recto 11-19-2015 PHL 204 FINAL PAPER WHAT IS METAPHYSICS? What is Metaphysics? The universal definition of metaphysics in philosophy is the aspect that deals with the first principle of things, which include abstract concepts of the being, knowing, cause, identity, time and space. Basically, metaphysics encounters the basic questions in such possible terms; what is there and what is it like? As individuals, we attempt to grasp or comprehend the theories and meaning of every aspect toRead More Metaphysics Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesMetaphysics Metaphysics can be defined as an attempt to comprehend the basic characteristics of reality. It is in fact so basic that it is all inclusive, whether something is observable or not. It answers questions of what things must be like in order to exist and how to differentiate from things that seem real but are not. A common thought is that reality is defined as what we can detect from our five senses. This type of philosophy is called empiricism, which is the idea that all knowledgeRead MoreMetaphysics Is The Study Of Reality Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesMeta refers to the Meaning of after or beyond. Metaphysics is the study of reality. 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Also, the factor, background, and view of Muhammad IqbalRead MoreMorality, Metaphysics, And Religion1480 Words   |  6 PagesTHE PARTICULAR AND THE UNIVERSAL IN MORALITY, METAPHYSICS, AND RELIGION In his second speech to the literary salon of Henrietta Herz, Friedrich Schleiermacher dismantles the perception of religion as a blending together of morality and metaphysics. He argues that such a hybrid can never truly function as religion and that to attack such a false construct is to fight against a shadow, rather than to engage the true subject (21). Morality, metaphysics, and religion all address the same subject matter—theRead MoreQuestions On The Philosophy Of Metaphysics1372 Words   |  6 PagesEdina Pepic Metaphysics 04-04-15 Midterm 1. What is the project of metaphysics? How did the early Greek Philosophers develop the issue? What were their enduring contributions, the diversity of their responses and the abiding issues that will engage the subsequent tradition? 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For example, a certain pen is a particular instance of the form of pen. Every single pen in the world contributes to the form of pen. This contribution of particulars to the forms is called mathexis in Greek, or simplyRead More Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics Essay3676 Words   |  15 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Metaphysics THEME In regard to Metaphysics, Kant’s results were seemingly the opposite to what he strove to achieve, cf. the claim, in his Introduction, that â€Å"In this enquiry . . . I venture to assert that there is not a single metaphysical problem which has not been solved, or for the solution of which the key has not been supplied.† In the summing up of his Prolegomena, he records with evident pride in achievement: â€Å"Anyone who has read through and grasped the principles

India’s Soft Drinks Industry Free Essays

string(75) " to the production processes \(‘India: Risk overview’, 2011\)\." india’s soft drinks industry table of contents toc o â€Å"1-3† u part a: contextual analysis of india and the indian soft drink industry pageref _toc323046458 h 3 introduction pageref _toc323046459 h 3 1. factor conditions pageref _toc323046460 h 4 1. 1 opportunities pageref _toc323046461 h 4 1. We will write a custom essay sample on India’s Soft Drinks Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 1 india’s physical resources pageref _toc323046462 h 4 1. 2 threats pageref _toc323046463 h 6 1. 2. 1 infrastructure pageref _toc323046464 h 6 1. 2. 2 education and labour pageref _toc323046465 h 6 2. demand conditions pageref _toc323046466 h 7 3. related and supporting industries pageref _toc323046467 h 9 3. availability of related and supporting industries pageref _toc323046468 h 9 3. 2 bargaining power of suppliers pageref _toc323046469 h 9 3. 3 bargaining power of buyers pageref _toc323046470 h 9 4. firm strategy, structure and rivalry pageref _toc323046471 h 10 4. 1 cultural impact on firm strategy and structure pageref _toc323046472 h 10 4. 2 rivalry among existing competitors pageref _toc323046473 h 10 4. 3 threat of new entrants pageref _toc323046474 h 11 4. 4 threat of substitutes pageref _toc323046475 h 12 5. government pageref _toc323046476 h 12 6. role of chance pageref _toc323046477 h 12 conclusion pageref _toc323046478 h 13 part b: critical evaluation of porter’s national diamond model pageref _toc323046479 h 13 references pageref _toc323046480 h 15 part a: contextual analysis of india and the indian soft drink industry introduction a. g. barr has been in the soft drinks business for over 130 years and is one of the biggest soft drinks company in united kingdom (uk) (a. g. barr, 2012). the company has a long standing success in the european market with its popular soft drinks such as irn-bru, barr and tizer. with a strong-hold in the europen market, now a. G. Barr would like to expand their business to other markets. Following The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and PepsiCo success in the Asian market, the company would like to venture into the soft drinks industry in India. The definition of a soft drink market is the retail sale of bottled water, juices, carbonates, functional drinks, ready to drink (RTD) tea and coffee, and smoothies (Datamonitor, 2011). According to Datamonitor (2011), the India soft drinks market is valued at $3. 8 million as of 2010 even though it accounts only 3. 3% of the overall value in the Asia-Pacific market. Japan and China hold the top two positions with a combined market share of 71. 2% (Datamonitor, 2011). Hence, before setting up an operation in India, the company need to know further details of the local soft drinks industry such as the market share, the customer profile, the suppliers and the competitors. As such, the main purpose of this report is to analysis the feasibility of the India expansion and gives proper recommendations. The Porter’s Diamond analysis, the SWOT analysis and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis will be used to evaluate and comprehend the India soft drinks market. . FACTOR CONDITIONS Firstly, we will evaluate the factor conditions of India which may serve as an opportunity or a threat towards our venture into the soft drinks industry. 1. 1 OPPORTUNITIES 1. 1. 1 INDIA’S PHYSICAL RESOURCES India is a country rich of raw materials, resources and land. For this report, we will focus on those physical resources that are essential for the soft drinks i ndustry – water, sugar, aluminium, power sources. With a land space of over 2. 9 million square kilometres (sq km) and a population of 1. 2 billion people, India has only 314,070 sq km of water (CIA World Fact book, 2012). Even though the Indian government has done many things do improved the situation by building water plants and water piping in the urban and rural areas, there are still about 18. 5% of the population (226 million) that lack access to clean, drinkable water (CESS INDIA, 2004) With a sophisticated water purification installed in our soft drinks plantation, A. G. Barr are able to process the unclean water into safe, drinkable water and use it for the basis of the final products. Hence, A. G. Barr will be able to offer an alternative drinking source for the citizens with our soft drinks products. Next, with a total arable territory of about 1. 2 million sq km, agriculture is the biggest industry and plays a major role in the socioeconomic growth of India (Maps of India, 2012). According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2012) and the Maps of India (2012), India is the 2nd biggest world producers of sugarcane (sugar) with about 453 sugar mills located all over India. INCLUDEPICTURE â€Å"http://faostat. fao. org/DesktopModules/Faostat/Images/T20/ChartPic_3nemzw945otecriq01oo. ng? 3f2841b2-add0-4841-9dc7-5707a2a011f0† * MERGEFORMATINET Table 1: Top Production – Sugar cane 2010 Source: FAO Thirdly, for aluminium, India is the fifth biggest producer in the world after Australia, Guinea, Brazil and Jamaica (Maps of India, 2012). Finally, to obtain vast economic growth and a flourishing industrial sector, the Indian government has i nvested and given top precedence to the power sector of the nation and as of the 21st century, India is able to generate about 90% of its own energy through (Maps of India, 2012): Thermal/Coal Power Hydro Power Renewable Resources Power Nuclear Power With most of the raw materials and resources readily available in India, the price for these materials will be relatively standard and low. Hence, this will lower the cost of production. This is a key factor in venturing into the India market as A. G. Barr require a huge amount of clean water and sugar to produce the soft drink products. 1. 2 THREATS 1. 2. 1 INFRASTRUCTURE The infrastructure in India is one of the most problematic and unreliable in the world. As stated previously, even though India is able to generate 90% of its power, due to the poor financial position of many power supply companies, the power supplies are always inconsistent and frequently being cut-off (‘India: Risk overview’, 2011). Hence, companies, offices and industrial plants need to have their own back-up power facilities to ensure no interruption to the production processes (‘India: Risk overview’, 2011). You read "India’s Soft Drinks Industry" in category "Essay examples" The road and railway system in India is still undependable and many traffic congestions are resulted due to the inadequacy. Pan (Asiamoney, 2010) notes that while the Indian government are investing US$1 trillion in infrastructure from 2012 to 2017, political bureaucracy and lack of good projects are hindering the developments of infrastructure. At the same time, Roy (Euromoney, 2010) reports that while Mr. Rajiv Lall, chief executive of state-run lender Infrastructure Development Finance Company believes India infrastructure has been slowly improving, the dependable relationship between the public sector and the private sectors in infrastructure will lead to corruption and thus may hinder the progression of big infrastructure projects. Therefore, any company that wish to venture into India soft drinks market will need to spend a sizeable amount on power generator and water purification facilities. This huge expenditure will put a dent on the initial capital investment and A. G. Barr need to take this into account and plan on how much of the expenditure to be transferred over to the final consumers through the products. 1. 2. 2 EDUCATION AND LABOUR According to several organizations; CIA (2012), US Department of State (2011) and WEF (2011), India’s literacy rate is only at 61%. The education level in India is low as many of the population live in poverty or the slump and unable to afford going school. Moreover, the Indian government lacks of provision of education is hindering its people to learn and receive knowledge. This result in a low skilled workforce and the unemployment rate for youth age 15 to 24 in India is high at 10. 5% (CIA World Fact Book, 2012). While a soft drink company with high technology facilities and processes requires employees with minimal skills, it is still essential for these workers have a basic understanding and motor skills to operate the high-tech, expensive machineries. Another end of the spectrum is those highly educated Indians where the information technology (IT) sector is booming. These IT personnel and engineers are viable to our company as they able to manage, supervise and suitable of the higher ranking jobs. Hence, to ensure the workers hired have the essential skills, A. G. Barr will need to frequently conduct training programs, skills development workshops and have simple instructions which are easy to follow. 2. DEMAND CONDITIONS With the relaxation of the Indian government policy on FDIs and foreign companies, the soft drinks industry had change tremendously. As the US and EU markets are highly saturated, companies are looking into the Asian markets to expand and gain more revenues. Apart from China, Japan and South Korea, India is the 4th leading Asian soft drinks market and the market is still growing and has yet to reach its saturation point. In 2010, there is a substantial demand for soft drinks as the market has grown by 10. 4% (Datamonitor, 2011). Datamonitor (2011) even predicts that by 2015, the Indian market will grow to a value of $5. 8 million. Table 2 shows the growth of India soft drink market from 2006 to 2010. Table 2: India soft drinks market volume: million liters, 2006–10(e) Datamonitor (2011) also reports that as of 2010, the soft drinks industry has generated total revenues of $3. 8 billion and with 50% of the total revenues, carbonates sale is the most profitable category. Table 3: India soft drinks market segmentation: % share, by value, 2010(e) It is essential to note that currently there is a growing trend of â€Å"vitamin water† or â€Å"nutrient water† in the world as many people are becoming more health conscious. The Times (London) (2012) reports that even India is not spared from the trend as PepsiCo, together with Tata Global Beverages, intend to market the â€Å"nutrient water† to India’s urban, middle-class consumers where a bottle of such product will cost slightly higher than a standard bottled water. Hence, this could greatly affect the retail sales of carbonates. A. G. Barr has already altered its products to regular variants to low calorie and no added sugar variants in accordance to the gradual shift towards healthly living in the UK (A. G. Barr, 2012). For example, its popular porduct, IRN-BRU now comes in a sugar free variation, the ‘IRN-BRU sugar free’. Thus, the â€Å"nutrient water† market is another sector A. G. Barr could develop into not only in UK but also in India. 3. RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES 3. 1 AVAILABILITY OF RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES India has huge supporting industries for the soft drinks market and the availablity of the main components for a soft drinks company in India is high. There are 453 sugar mills in India and the top 6 growing states are located in the Northern, Southern and Western regions of India (Maps of India, 2012). Noteably, the Indian government has been extentsively investing in the agriculture sector to ensure that the process of the sector from raw materials to warehousing and merchandising flow smoothly. And as for the aluminium industry, India has a sizeable number of aluminium plants located mainly in Northern and Southern regions. 3. 2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS As inputs are readily available, suppliers are unable to provide their services or sell their products at a higher price than their competitors as it is of no loss to the soft drinks company since the company is able to get the same or better services and products from other suppliers. A. G. Barr is able to obtain the primary inputs for its products through several sources in the region or state. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers such as the packaging producers and raw materials and soft drinks ingredients producers are relatively low (Datamonitor, 2011). 3. 3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS The power of the retailers and distributors in this market is weak as most soft drinks manufactures work closely with the local bottling companies to distribute the ready for sale products to buyers within a certain region or sector (Datamonitor, 2011). Datamonitor (2011) also reports that with 46. 3% of the total market volume, the independent retailers such as the small family mart shops are the main distribution channels for soft drinks but this could change with the introduction of super and hypermarkets. Thus, consumers will have a wider range of soft drinks brands to choose from. In order to gain relatively significant market share, A. G. Barr needs to do plenty of advertising and promotion. One of the strategies A. G. Barr could adopt is to set their soft drinks at a lower price than the main competitors, TCCC and PepsiCo in the rural areas while maintaining the same price in the urban areas where most of the middle-income and high-income classes have high consumer purchasing power. 4. FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY 4. 1 CULTURAL IMPACT ON FIRM STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE A. G. Barr core strategic focus is based on the following 7 platforms (A. G. Barr, 2012): Core Brands and Markets Portfolio development Route to market Partnerships Efficient Operations People Development Sustainability To ensure these strategies and structure is maintain in other country, A. G. Barr has to train its overseas employees, make them understand and cultivate the A. G. Barr working culture. However, this will be a tough challenge in India due to the poor education and different socio-culture. Thus, A. G. Barr needs to accommodate its Western working culture with India working culture, however without losing its main mission and strategy. To ensure this is excuted properly, A. G. Barr needs to obtain a specialist in the Indian market and culture. 4. 2 RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS In India, the soft drink market is dominated by three main players – The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC), PepsiCo and Parle Bisleri Ltd – securing 74. 1% of the total market volume (Datamonitor, 2011). Table 4: India soft drinks market share: % share, by volume, 2010(e) BBC News (2011) reports that TCCC planned to invest $2 billion in India to boost its market share and expected India to be in its top five markets by 2020. Meanwhile, PepsiCo intend to launch a new product, â€Å"nutrient water† with Tata Water targeting at the young urban consumers to gain more market shares (Pagnamenta, 2012). This shows how competitive the rivalry in the India soft drinks industry where the two major market shares are actively investing and developing new products to gain more shares. 4. 3 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS The big players of the India soft drinks industry are actively improving themselves and distinguishing their products through various methods. Furthermore, TCCC and PepsiCo are renowned world soft drinks brands which have been existing in the India market for many years. Though new companies in the industry may have difficulty competing with the existing players, it may accomplish small success by using different production method or focusing on the lesser ventured catergories of the soft drinks markets such as health drinks and energy drinks (Datamonitor, 2011). This could be a major break through for A. G. Barr as its most popular products; the IRN-BRU; is low in sugar and contains additional benefits of an energy drink. In addition, the Rockstar series which are designed to target those who lead active lifestyles may be able to attract the young, urban consumers. With several advertising accolades, A. G. Barr has the knowledge and is able use the power of media to attract potential consumers and gain more market shares. 4. 4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES The main substitutes for soft drinks markets are traditonal tea and coffee, homemade juices and fresh water from the water plants or piping system. As A. G. Barr and other leading soft drinks companies have diverse products to cater to the different needs of the consumers – carbonates, bottled water, juices etc – this will narrow down the threat of substitutes. However, the threat is still relatively moderate as retailers and distributors may give more shelf space for traditional tea and coffee products as they may be stored at room temperatures (Datamonitor, 2011). 5. GOVERNMENT BBC News (2011) reports that India is ranked 95th out of 183 nations in the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions (TICP) list. Due to the high corruption scandals among its government officials, low or invisible legislative work, red tape and bureaucracy, India has dropped from 87th in 2010 to 95th (BBC News, 2011). Despite its numerous intervention, corruption in India is an issue which is very difficult to get rid off since most of the political members and officals have their own agendas and are resistant to change (‘India: Risk overview’, 2011). Hence, foreign companies will faced many setbacks when they venture into the India sectors. 6. ROLE OF CHANCE The role of chance plays a small part in factoring the soft drinks industry as most of the technology are at it most advanced state. The only main issue currently is the Iran oil crisis. As India still refuses to cut Iranian oil imports, this may lead to a huge setback if USA decides to attack Iran and ignore India’s relation with Iran (CBS News, 2012, Kennedy, 2012). With a potential strain relationship with USA, this could lead to severe freeze in the trade and foreign direct investments. Furthermore, the other two traid nations, EU and Japan, may follow suit USA’s decision to cut ties with India for refusing to withdraw the purchasing of Iranian oil. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the soft drinks market in India is huge though it is predominately hold by 3 major key players. To venture into this territory, a new company need to set itself apart from the majpr players through unique advertising, differentiated production method and diverse product offerings. New companies may set an initial low price of its products to attract consumers however; this should not be a long term strategy. Companies need to have a huge capital investment to counter the corruption, trade policies and poor infrastructure. Thus, expenditures and initial start-up cost will be high and companies will have to redistribute part of the cost to its final consumers in order to gain profits. PART B: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND MODEL Michael E. Porter is a well renowned economic strategist whom has writen 18 books and over125 articles (HBS, 2008). With a core field in competitive strategy, Porter has written and developed a number of strategic frameworks such as the Porter’s National Diamond model and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis. Since the model was based on eight developed countries and two industrialized countries, an analysis on developing, growing countries such as India is flawed. This is because these developing countries are not on the same economic level as the 10 countries. Thus, though the Porter’s National Diamond (PND) model analysis almost every aspect of India’s profile, it still lacks in-depth analysis and companies should not base their analytical evaluation on the PND model alone. As supported by Van Den Bosch, and Van Proojien (1992), both authors believed that PND model provide limited analysis on the control of national culture on the competitive advantage of nations. Similar to the EU countries, India too has a diverse set of culture which plays significant role in the management of the country’s economy, laws, trade policies and governance. There are limited sources on India and the soft drinks market due to the lack of legistative work from the government officals. Furthermore, some of the reports or statistics may not be entirely accurate due to the high corruption level. For example, reports may state that India is able to generate 90% of its power but the power plants are inconsistent and supplies are frequently distrupted. Also, to what extend is the literacy rate of India is correct? The literacy rates may be higher than stated as with 1. 22 billion people, India officials may have a tough job collecting the accurate datas. Moreover, with high poverty and low income, most of Indian citizens have the ‘thrifty mindset’ whereby they prefer things which are basically free even though it maybe harmful such as drinking untreated water. These are the pros of the PND model for India: Analysis different aspect of the country profile Takes into account the role of Government which is the most essential for India These are the cons of the PND model for India: Limited credible sources for analysis Little depth as India is a huge country with various swinging factors. Limited analysis on the cultural effect on a country’s competitive advantage Ways to improve the PND model for India: Supporting the model with other analysis model such as PEST, SWOT, Porter’s 5 Forces and Fons Trompenaars’ Seven Cultural Dimensions. Intentsive research on the market and the growth of the market. REFERENCES A. G. Barr (2012) About Us. Available at: http://www. agbarr. co. uk/agbarr/newsite/ces_general. nsf/wpg/about_us-our_strategy (Accessed: 22 March 2012). BBC News (2011) Coke plans $2bn India investment in bid to boost growth. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-15731884 (Accessed: 20 February 2012). BBC News (2011) India Transparency International corruption index blow. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-india-15979646 (Accessed: 01 March 2012). CBS News (2012) U. K. : Attack on Iran has â€Å"enormous downsides†. Available at: http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-202_162-57380838/u. . -attack-on-iran-has-enormous-downsides/? tag=mncol;lst;1 (Accessed: 20 February 2012). India. CESS (2004) Right to Drinking Water in India. Available at: http://www. cess. ac. in/cesshome/wp%5CWater. pdf (Accessed: 22 March 2012). CIA (2012) South Asia, India. Available at: https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in. html (Accessed: 20 February 2012). FAO (2012) Faost at. Available at: http://faostat. fao. org/site/339/default. aspx (Accessed: 01 March 2012). HBS (2008) Harvard Business School Faculty Research. Available at: http://drfd. bs. edu/fit/public/facultyInfo. do? facInfo=biofacEmId=mporter (Accessed: 10 April 2012). ‘India: Risk overview’ (2011) Business Asia, 43, 14, pp. 10-11, Business Source Premier, EBSCO [Online]. Available at http://searchebscohost. com (Accessed: 22 March 2012). Kennedy (2012) US Pleas for Asia to Cut Iranian Oil Imports Fall on Deaf Ears, Oilprice. Available at: http://oilprice. com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/US-Pleas-for-Asia-to-Cut-Iranian-Oil-Imports-Fall-on-Deaf-Ears. html (Accessed: 20 February 2012). Maps of India (2012) India Agriculture. Available at: How to cite India’s Soft Drinks Industry, Essay examples

The Rebirth of Southern Honor Essays - , Term Papers

Wesley Prude 12/07/15 History 4990 Joe Perry The Rebirth of Southern Honor: What Birth of a Nation says about Southern Honor? Since its introduction cinema has been influential in shaping the culture of society, but what has now recently been discovered are the other adverse effects film can create. For example films can create emotion for causes, define honor and even inspire crimes. Films in general have been noted as having the ability to rewrite history and influence societal norms The latter of these effects, society is just now recognizing as an adverse effect of the power of cinema, to move citizens to commit crimes. Modern classics like Clockwork Orange, Natural Born Killers and American Psycho has been linked to numerous violent acts and mass homicide, but what society has failed to realize is that this phenomena had been present from cinemas very induction. It can even be speculated that during the birth of American cinema films were significantly more influential on the mass population than ever. The motives of mass shootings like Columbine have been traced back to the lines of the film NBK, but the death and destruction inspired by that film and others fails in comparison to the devastation that would follow in the wake of the film Birth of a Nation (1915). In the conclusion of this work I will draw a correlation between the cultural effects of this film and its portrayal of past concepts of southern masculinity. Further research has discovered that upon witnessing the film the second-generation founder of the KKK William J Simmons became so inspired by the film and its depiction of the Southern struggle for honor and its representation of the Klan that he would go on to found the second reiteration of the KKK atop Stone Mountain several months later. The films propaganda plus the Franks case are cited as the two main causes of the Klans revival. Evidence of this can be seen in the use of burning crosses by the new Klan which had never been used previously as a ritual of the original KKK, but is instead a artistic liberty taken by Griffith in the film. Before then the conc ept of burning crosses had never been used outside of a few literary works. This essay will be divided into three distinct sections in an attempt to dissect this topic. The first section of this exposition will be the breakdown of the film. It will summarize the film breaking down key scenes and overarching themes of the film. This will be an opportunity to examine the plot for all three sections of the film. This section will also examine the examples of the illustration of masculinity and honor in the film for both representation of white male honor and masculinity as well as those examples for African American men. The examination of stereotypes created from the film will also be discussed. The key focus of this section of the exposition is in conveying the means in which this film use its misc-en-sence and other cinematic tools to create a new culture of manliness in post-war America. The following section of the film will be restricted to the examination of the film by contemporaries and citizens of the era during the films release, limiting this section to secondary sources like reviews, anecdotes and newspaper articles. The reception of the film by the people that watched it during its initial release will be crucial in providing context and understanding of the consensus of the masses. This section will also include how this film was marketed to viewers. For this section there will be a synopsis of reviews from three different individuals; one black male, one white male, and a female. This will be significant because it will provide to readers the varying spectrum of responses to the film from viewers across racial and gender lines. The third and final section of this essay will encompass the effects and response to the films on a national scale both short term and long term. Issues of racial violence influenced by the film will be covered in this section of the essay. For example the rebirth of the Klu Klux Klan and the rise of lynching will be thoroughly